117

Eleven of Niobe's children are killed by the gods Apollo and Artemis in a dramatic, sublime landscape. Wilson's stormy setting emphasises the horror of the narrative by the broken trees, reeds bent with the wind, tumultuous seas, the fire in the distant town, the agitated skies, with lightning striking the mountain, and the lurid light on the distant horizon. The tree-trunk at the left has been struck by the force of the gods' appearance and has broken in two, while the brilliance of their aura highlights the neighbouring trunk.

Commissioned in Rome by Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, c.1754-55; 1st Duke of Sutherland, Stafford House, London; 1st Earl of Ellesmere, Bridgewater House, London; thence by descent

 

 

 

 

E69 John Henry Wright after Wilson, Niobe, The British Museum (1860,0211.610) and other impressions

Pendant: P119A Phaeton's Petition to Apollo, Private Collection

W.G. Constable believed that this was a later elaboration of the design of P90 (Yale Center for British Art), in which coherence has to some extent been lost. But it is more likely to be the first version of the subject, painted for Bridgewater while Wilson was still in Italy, with his original figures replaced by Placido Constanzi (1702-1759). The substitution certainly applies to the two figures of the gods as a pentiment is visible below Apollo and to his left, which echoes his upraised right arm. The trajectory of the arrow in the back of the foreground figure at the right also suggests that it was fired from a lower angle. There seems to be a pentiment next to the central female figure. Much of the background is close in style to Wilson's supporter, Claude-Joseph Vernet (1714-1789), from whom Bridgewater also commissioned four paintings in 1756, (even though Vernet had returned to France in 1753). Wilson's stylistic debts to Salvator Rosa (1615-1673) and Gaspard Dughet (1615-1675) are also evident.

Booth Notes Doc. 4; Booth Notes Doc. 5, p. 1; W.Y. Ottley, The Marquis of Stafford's Collection of Pictures, 1818, vol. 4, p. 141; J. Young, A Catalogue of the Collection of Pictures, of the most noble the Marquis of Stafford ..., 1825, vol. 2, no. 242; Hazlitt 1843-44, vol. 2, p. xlv, no. 289 - Landscape; with the Story of Niobe [Repetition of the picture in the National Gallery]; Borenius 1944, p. 211; Grant 1945, p. 44; WGC, pp. 160-63, pl. 20b; Solkin 1982, pp. 201-2, n. 3; Wilson and Europe 2014, p. 274; P. Humfrey, 'The 3rd Duke of Bridgewater as a Collector of Old Master Paintings', Journal of the History of Collections, vol. 27, no. 2, 2015, pp. 214, 224, n. 28; P. Humfrey, 'The 2nd Marquess of Stafford and the Stafford Gallery', Journal of the History of Collections, vol. 28, no. 1, 2016, p. 48

 

Kate Lowry has noted: In a contemporary Maratta frame. Canvas size: 123 x 171.8 cm (48 7/16 x 67 5/8 in.) Painted on a coarse, simple weave linen about 8-10 threads per square cm. Stretcher is modern and possibly dates from the relining. Seven members with square mortice joints and provision for keying out. Original bars were approximately 55 mm wide judging by vection cracks at upper edge. The original canvas has been glue relined with original turnovers incorporated on the face of the stretcher. These turnovers are unprimed but edges of original ground are present and its colour is a pale pink/brown, similar to that found in other Roman Wilsons such as P56 Rome from the Villa Madama, Yale Center for British Art, and P64 Rome from the Ponte Molle, National Museum Wales, Cardiff. Pentimenti around left and central figure groups suggest the figures have been altered, and give some substance to the anecdote that Bridgewater had another artist repaint Wilson's figures. Apollo was originally painted considerably lower, which would make more sense of the position of the arrow in the back of the woman at right of foreground. Most of the figures appear to be painted with greater attention to detail than is normal for Wilson.

03/06/2021