The Cascatelle of Tivoli and Villa of Maecenas

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Private Collection

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Artist

Richard Wilson (1713/14-1782)

Title

The Cascatelle of Tivoli and Villa of Maecenas

Date

c.1752 (undated)

Medium

Oil on canvas

Dimensions

Metric: 42 x 72 cm
Imperial: 16 1/2 x 28 3/8 in.

Collection

Private Collection, North America

Wilson Online Reference

P44B

Description

At the left an artist sits on a folding stool at a portable easel, painting the classic view of the great waterfalls and town of Tivoli, seen from across the gorge of the River Aniene with the ruins of the so-called Villa of Maecenas beyond and a vista of the Roman Campagna unfolding in the distance.

Exhibited

New York 2010 (4)

Signature/inscription

Signed lower left: R.W.
No inscription

Techniques and materials

Like the version in Dublin (P44), this work is painted in an unusually broad and lively manner, especially apparent in the distant view of the Campagna where the landscape forms are only sketchily indicated. The handle of the brush was used to scratch quickly through the thinly applied wet paint, giving a sense of texture and depth. Wilson is known to have used this technique in only one other instance, P45 Tivoli: The Temple of the Sibyl and the Campagna, National Gallery of Ireland, acquired by Joseph Henry in 1752, which would suggest that this painting is of a similar early date. These technical devices suggest that the painting was executed at one sitting and at great speed in a probable attempt by the artist to capture the fading light of the sunset. The modest scale and spontaneous nature of the work also suggest that it may have been painted en plein air. It is known that Wilson encouraged his protégé Thomas Jones to paint in this way.

Subject

Tivoli and its surroundings were the first topographical subjects painted by Wilson in Italy in 1752. Located about 20 miles northeast of Rome, Tivoli (known in ancient times as Tibur) was celebrated by Virgil and Horace for the spectacular beauty of its setting and from the 16th century, was renowned for its magnificent classical ruins. By Wilson's time it had become a key destination for artists and Grand Tourists and Wilson seems to have made a number of excursions there during his Roman stay. The allure of the location must have been greatly enhanced by the fact that Claude and Dughet had gone there to draw in the 17th century and had incorporated its scenery into their paintings.

Related Drawings

D244 The Falls at Tivoli, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection

Related Prints

E75 Charles Turner after Wilson, Maecenas' Villa, The British Museum and other impressions
E76 Charles Turner after Wilson, View of Maecenas' Villa, Tivoli, National Museum Wales, Cardiff

Versions

See 'Links' tab

Related Works by Other Artists

[1] Thomas Jones A Shepherd and Shepherdess grazing their Herd before the Cascatelle at Tivoli , Bonham's London, 8 December 2010 (58)
[2] William Hodges, The Cascatelle at Tivoli, c.1775-79, John Mitchell Fine Paintings, London
[3] John Plimmer, Tivoli, the Cascatelle Grandi and the Villa of Maecenas, Glynn Vivian Art Gallery Swansea

Critical commentary

Wilson's close attention to nature is evident in the treatment of the sky, where the movements of the clouds and fleeting effects of the light from the setting sun have been captured with extraordinary freshness.

Bibliography

WGC, pp. 82, 225, under pl. 117a; P. Conisbee, 'Tivoli: The Cascatelle and the Villa of Maecenas' in In the Light of Italy: Corot and early open-air Painting, exh. cat., National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, 1996, p. 111; Feigen 2010, unpaginated

Link to WG Constable Archive Record

WGC/1/1/135

More Information

Unrecorded prior to 2010 and the only version signed by the artist

Condition/Conservation

Period Italian carved and gilded frame

The Cascatelle of Tivoli and Villa of Maecenas

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